International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds

Countries Weeds Herbicides Mutations Graphs References Researchers
HRAC GROUP 2 (LEGACY B) RESISTANT DWARF ARROWHEAD
(Sagittaria pygmaea)

Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)

South Korea
INTRODUCTION DWARF ARROWHEAD
Dwarf Arrowhead (Sagittaria pygmaea) is a monocot weed in the Alismataceae family.  In South Korea this weed first evolved resistance to Group 2 (Legacy B) herbicides in 2004 and infests Rice.   Group 2 (Legacy B) herbicides are known as Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase (Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ).  Research has shown that these particular biotypes are resistant to azimsulfuron, bensulfuron-methyl, cinosulfuron, cyclosulfamuron, ethoxysulfuron, halosulfuron-methyl, imazosulfuron, and pyrazosulfuron-ethyl and they may be cross-resistant to other Group 2 (Legacy B) herbicides.

The 'Group' letters/numbers that you see throughout this web site refer to the classification of herbicides by their site of action. To see a full list of herbicides and HRAC herbicide classifications click here.

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QUIK STATS (last updated Feb 10, 2005 )

Common NameDwarf Arrowhead
SpeciesSagittaria pygmaea
GroupInhibition of Acetolactate Synthase HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)
Herbicidesazimsulfuron, bensulfuron-methyl, cinosulfuron, cyclosulfamuron, ethoxysulfuron, halosulfuron-methyl, imazosulfuron, and pyrazosulfuron-ethyl
LocationSouth Korea
Year2004
Situation(s)Rice
Contributors - (Alphabetically)Il-Bin Im 
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ACADEMIC ASPECTS

Confirmation Tests

Greenhouse trials comparing a known susceptible Dwarf Arrowhead biotype with this Dwarf Arrowhead biotype have been used to confirm resistance. For further information on the tests conducted please contact the local weed scientists that provided this information.
 
Genetics

Genetic studies on HRAC Group 2 resistant Dwarf Arrowhead have not been reported to the site.  There may be a note below or an article discussing the genetics of this biotype in the Fact Sheets and Other Literature
 
Mechanism of Resistance

The mechanism of resistance for this biotype is either unknown or has not been entered in the database.  If you know anything about the mechanism of resistance for this biotype then please update the database.
 
Relative Fitness

There is no record of differences in fitness or competitiveness of these resistant biotypes when compared to that of normal susceptible biotypes.  If you have any information pertaining to the fitness of Group 2 (Legacy B) resistant Dwarf Arrowhead from South Korea please update the database.
 
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CONTRIBUTING WEED SCIENTISTS

IL-BIN IM
CRO
Bio-Plant Environment Research Center
Weed Control
5306-1. BI Center. Honam University
Kwangsan, 506-714, Kwangju
South Korea
Email Il-Bin Im
Web   : Web Site Link

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The Herbicide Resistance Action Committee, The Weed Science Society of America, and weed scientists in South Korea have been instrumental in providing you this information. Particular thanks is given to Il-Bin Im for providing detailed information.
Herbicide Resistant Dwarf Arrowhead Globally
(Sagittaria pygmaea)
Herbicide Resistant Dwarf Arrowhead Globally
(Sagittaria pygmaea)
Drag a column header and drop it here to group by that column
Herbicide Resistant Dwarf Arrowhead Globally
(Sagittaria pygmaea)
#CountryFirstYearSituationActive IngredientsSite of Action
1 JapanJapan 2006 Rice bensulfuron-methyl 25 Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)
 		230Sagittaria pygmaeaDwarf Arrowhead7792
2 South KoreaSouth Korea 2004 Rice azimsulfuron, bensulfuron-methyl, cinosulfuron, cyclosulfamuron, ethoxysulfuron, halosulfuron-methyl, imazosulfuron, and pyrazosulfuron-ethyl 27 Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B)
 		230Sagittaria pygmaeaDwarf Arrowhead5240
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